Horowitz, Fine, Fencsik, Yurgenson, and Wolfe (2007, this issue) investigated the relation between microsaccade congruency (MC, the congruency between the direction of the microsaccade and the location of the target) and reaction time (RT) in a spatial cuing paradigm and concluded that ‘‘fixational eye movements are not an index of covert attention.’’ We show that microsaccade direction is a re...

objective: for decades, both theory and research have focused on the role of self-esteem and shame in constructing narcissistic traits. however, studies on the exact relationship between these two and overt and covert facets of narcissism have been equivocal.  methods: the current study is correlational. it examined these relationships among 308 iranian college students (155 males, 153 females,...

In this letter, a hybrid multi-domain index modulation scheme based on spreading codes domain and beam is proposed. our design, the information bit stream divided into two parts: one for covert transmission using of code other directional to improve error ratio (BER) performance in desired direction prevent eavesdropping. Then, joint boundaries statistical theory, average probabilities legitima...

Although there is consensus that the left hemisphere plays a critical role in language processing, some questions remain. Here we examine the influence of overt versus covert speech production on lateralization, the relationship between lateralization and behavioural measures of language performance and the strength of lateralization across the subcomponents of language. The present study used ...

In this paper, we propose a novel audio steganography scheme for embedding high-capacity covert data in a music carrier, where the carrier is first transformed to a 2D arrangement (image) and represented by a wavelet domain singular value decomposition (SVD), and a quantization-index-modulation process is then applied on the SVD for the covert data embedding. The proposed scheme, due to its ind...

The debate about the nature of fixational eye movements has revived recently with the claim that microsaccades reflect the direction of attentional shifts. A number of studies have shown an association between the direction of attentional cues and the direction of microsaccades. We sought to determine whether microsaccades in attentional tasks are causally related to behavior. Is reaction time ...

Covert forms of practice, such as observation and imagery, have been shown to involve neurophysiological activation of the motor system, and a functional equivalence between covert and overt processes involved in action execution has been proposed (Jeannerod, 2001). We used a startling acoustic stimulus (SAS), which has been shown to trigger prepared movements involuntarily at short latencies v...

UNLABELLED The Farwell and Donchin P300 speller interface is one of the most widely used brain-computer interface (BCI) paradigms for writing text. Recent studies have shown that the recognition accuracy of the P300 speller decreases significantly when eye movement is impaired. This report introduces the GeoSpell interface (Geometric Speller), which implements a stimulation framework for a P300...